Pew Research: What the Data Says About Food Stamps in the U.S.

As millions of Americans anxiously awaited their November SNAP benefits during the 43-day federal shutdown, Pew Research released a comprehensive look at the food assistance program — and the new policies that threaten it. The shutdown added even more chaos: legal confusion and patchwork state-level fixes delayed payments for families already living paycheck to paycheck. While the new funding bill keeps SNAP afloat through late 2026, many of the deeper, damaging changes remain.

Earlier this year, Congress passed legislation slashing SNAP by $186 billion over the next decade. It tightened eligibility, cut state support, and expanded harsh work requirements. Most adults ages 16–59 must work 30 hours/week, accept any “suitable” job, and register with the state. Childless adults now face stricter rules — work 80 hours/month or risk losing benefits after 3 months. These rules now apply up to age 54.

To qualify, a household must earn below 130% of the federal poverty level — just $3,483 gross income/month for a family of four.

SNAP recipients are diverse — including working adults, seniors, veterans, and single mothers. In truth, the average monthly benefit is just $188 per person. And under new law, that number will decline.

Pew’s report highlights deep disparities: Black and Hispanic children are overrepresented, and Southern states account for the largest share of SNAP households. Benefits also vary by state — from $158 in Minnesota to $218 in New York.

SNAP can only be used for groceries — not for toiletries, medicine, hot food, or pet supplies. Still, this lifeline feeds millions.